Why finite-size non-Hermitian eigenvalues can miss asymptotic eigenstates in topological physics

Author(s): Lucien Jezequel, Loïc Herviou, and Jens H. BardarsonNon-Hermitian systems exhibit a fundamental spectral dichotomy absent in Hermitian physics: the eigenvalue spectrum and the eigenstate spectrum can deviate significantly in the thermodynamic limit. We explain how extrapolating finite-size eigenvalues can miss important asymptotic eigenstates, with t…[Phys. Rev. B 114, 204306] Published Wed Oct 14, 2026