Assessing and evaluating computer-based simulation for scrub role training: A systematic review framed by Miller’s Pyramid of clinical competence

The scrub role, performed by surgical technologists (STs) and perioperative registered nurses (RNs), safeguards surgical safety. Scrub professionals support over 300 million surgeries each year, with 40-50 million in the United States alone (Dobson, 2020). Their main responsibilities, such as preparing the operating room (OR), establishing and maintaining a sterile field, anticipating procedure steps, and passing instruments, streamline procedures and prevent complications (Phillips & Hornacky, 2016; Shields et al., 2023).